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Science of Science and Management of S. & T.

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    10 April 2021, Volume 42 Issue 04 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Liu Zeyuan: An Adherent of Science of Science in China with Broad Vision
    CHEN Yue, WANG Yuqi, SONG Chao, JIANG Chunlin
    2021, 42(04): 3-17. 
    Abstract ( 123 )  
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    Preacher of Marxist Science of Science: Interpretation on Liu Zeyuan's Academic Thoughts
    WANG Mingliang, WANG Xinying, HU Zhigang
    2021, 42(04): 18-32. 
    Abstract ( 51 )  
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    Connected Symbiosis: The Fundamental Paradigm of Organizational Symbiosis in the Digital Context
    MEI Liang, CHEN Chunhua, LIU Chao
    2021, 42(04): 33-48. 
    Abstract ( 160 )  
     "Symbiosis", as an important emerging paradigm of organization and management research, provides a promising theoretical perspective to explain the interdependence between multiple organizations and multiple activities. Currently, the rise of digitization has reconstructed the interactive dependence of organizations and their activities, triggering the rethinking of the paradigm of organization symbiosis. Accordingly, the research focuses on how digitalization matters to the organizational symbiosis, based on the case study of the digital operations and businesses of the Tencent's Work WeChat organization for enterprise customers.
    The study systematically discusses and analyzes how Work WeChat enables the digital business practices of customer enterprises in the contexts of intra-organization, industrial value chain and partnership, and interactions with key customers and users. Accordingly, it constructs and proposes a "connected symbiosis" research paradigm based on the organization's digital context, which does contribution to both organization and management academic research and managerial implications for industrial practitioners.
    The study indicates that: First, the organization's connected symbiosis in the digital context is mainly based on the symbiosis unit of messages. In the case of Work WeChat, the symbiosis units like WeChat message, WeChat mini program, and so on, facilitate the efficient intercommunication among symbiotic agents within and across the organizational boundary, so as to realizing the value creation of products and services for end users in the digital context;
    Second, relying on the digital symbiosis environment, the organizations embracing the digitalization do achieve the efficient and effective organizational management symbiosis, involving work management synergy upon intra-organizational resource elements' symbiosis, the symbiosis of industrial value chains and collaborative partners, and the symbiosis between the focal organization and its target and potential large amount of users in WeChat;
    Third, as a reflection of connected symbiosis, elements involving mobile and digital platform, digital API interface management, human-robot synergy, digital resource, provide fundamental supports for enterprises adopting the connected symbiosis.
    In addition, the study argues and highlights that the connected symbiosis help to extend the boundary of the "symbiosis" construct from the traditional meso-level inter-organizational analysis to the micro-level intra-organizational groups and individuals, and the macro-level mega organizational ecology; moreover, the basic mechanism to achieve the connected symbiosis refers to the intra- and inter-organizational synergy, and the synergy between the focal organization and its relevant users in the digital context.
    The study contributes to the organizational symbiosis literature by constructing the concept "Connected Symbiosis", on the basis of diverse organizational digital contexts including intra-organizational context, organizational industrial context, and organizational users' context. It further provides practical managerial implications for organizational operations and businesses in the context of digitalization, particularly benefiting the Chinese traditional enterprises for their management activities on digital transformation.
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    The Rapid-Response Mechanism of the R&D in Emergency in the COVID-19 Epidemic Status: A Multi-Case Study
    MA Jia, LI Tianzhu, YIN Lu
    2021, 42(04): 49-69. 
    Abstract ( 85 )  
    "Race against time" is the top priority of the R&D in emergency in the event of public health emergencies, and how to carry out timely and high-quality R&D is a common challenge for all mankind. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in Jan. 2020, a large number of R&D organizations in China immediately engaged in the research, so that the epidemic had been initially controlled in 3 months by scientific intervention and social intervention in China, providing valuable empirical evidences for investigating the basic rules of R&D in emergency. In this study, 18 emergency R&D projects, which have made great contributions to fight against COVID-19, are taken as the research objects to explore the rapid-response mechanism of the R&D in emergency.
    The multi-case study is applied as the research method. The case samples include 18 emergency R&D projects, of which 8 are related to the Scheme for Diagnosis and Treatment of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia as "inside scheme case group", and of which 10 are not involved in the Scheme for Diagnosis and Treatment of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia as "outside scheme case group". The sample selection criteria include response agility, R&D advance rate, and the achievements contributing to the epidemic prevention and control. The research process is as follows. Firstly, based on the grounded analysis, the data of multi-case samples have been processed to extract the factors related to the research questions, as well as the core categories and story lines. Secondly, the effects of various factors of each case sample have been evaluated, and a comparative analysis matrix of multi-case samples has been made. Finally, the cross-case analysis between two case groups and among all case samples have been carried out based on comparative logic from multiple perspectives, which further validates, revises and develops the construction established by grounded analysis, and forms a more explanatory theory for complex variables.
    The result of grounded analysis shows that the core categories and story lines extracted from the "inside scheme case group" and "outside scheme case group" are consistent, releasing a relationship of mutual confirmation. The theory build up from these two case groups is mutually supported. The result of cross-case analysis shows that there are no significant differences between the two case groups in rapid-response performance, main forms, preconditions and types of participating organizations. The cross-case comparative analysis also shows that the greater effect of each factor, the stronger performance of the rapid-response. The cross-case analysis verifies the results of the grounded analysis of literal replication.
    The research findings reveal that the scientific research facing to the unknown world is the main part of rapid-response activities in the R&D in emergency, and the main form, rules and preconditions comprehensively clarify the rapid-response mechanism of the R&D in emergency. The research based on re-discovery, the research based on re-application, and the research of Pasteur's Quadrant which takes into account both of the cognitive pursuit and application consideration, are the main forms of the rapid-response activities, and these three forms of researches support each other and grow iteratively in co-evolution. The scientific discovery chain and the exaptation rule have been followed, and the scientific research and social application has been quickly integrated to improve the rapid response to the public health emergencies. The instant sharing of resources and the rapid establishment of legitimacy provides preconditions to the rapid-response activities.
    This study enriches the research of the technological innovation in emergency situation, develops a deeper understanding about the R&D in emergency management at the micro level, and provides the theoretical basis and managerial enlightenment for strengthening the scientific and technological support in emergency management, and optimizing the R&D system combining peacetime and wartime. The following suggestions are put forward to strengthen the rapid-response of the R&D in emergency. First, the main body and functions of the emergency R&D system should be made clear. Second, the basic scientific research must be enhanced with forward-looking deployment for the R&D in emergency. Third, the promotion mechanism for the rapid transformation of scientific research achievements ought to be improved in emergency situation. Fourth, the support of the biological data base, common technology platform, and relevant standards should be reinforced for the R&D in emergency. Fifth, the R&D resource allocation ought to be optimized in emergency situation.
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    Research on the Practice of Science and Technology Innovation in China at the Stage of Innovation 3.0
    WANG Zhenyu, WANG Ning, SHAN Xiaoguang
    2021, 42(04): 127-141. 
    Abstract ( 98 )  
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