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Can Non-Subsidized Policies Promote the Innovation Realization of New Energy Vehicle Enterprises? An SCP Paradigm Analysis Perspective QIN Shufeng, , XIONG Yongqing Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 3-23.   Abstract （249）      PDF（pc） （1579KB）（319）       Knowledge map    Save Effective implementation of non-subsidized policies is crucial for stimulating high-level innovation and innovation performance realization in the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, which faces a development bottleneck in the subsidized policy. This study uses data from listed NEV enterprises in China between 2012 and 2020 as the research sample. Based on the direct intervention and indirect guidance principles of industrial policy, the non-subsidized policy of  NEVs, most closely related to innovation incentive levels, is divided into two dimensions: direct intervention (such as the market access) and indirect guidance (such as the dual-credit policy and government procurement). Furthermore, we investigate the realization of enterprise innovation performance from the perspective of heterogeneous enterprise innovation behavior under policy influence, with innovation behavior as the intermediate variable. Hence, we construct a complete S-C-P framework for NEV enterprise innovation with innovation behavior as the mediating path. Additionally, we consider the synergistic effects and differences of policy instruments in combination. This study reveals several key findings. First, based on the S-C-P paradigm, the three non-subsidized policies have a direct impact on the innovation behavior and performance of NEV enterprises, with notable differences between them. In the front-end S-C link, the market access policy, represented by direct intervention, is more effective in promoting substantive innovation behavior, while the dual-credit policy and government procurement policy in the indirect guidance category are more likely to favor strategic innovation. In the back-end S-P link, the government procurement policy has the best effect on short-term performance realization, whereas the market access policy and dual-credit policy are more conducive to long-term innovation performance realization. Second, in the overall S-C-P framework, the innovation behavior (C) of vehicle enterprises partially mediates the effect of policies, but the efficiency of policy transfer from front-end innovation behavior to back-end innovation performance remains low. Third, the policy synergy analysis shows that the "1+1+1" effect of the three policies is not ideal. This study argues that adhering to the "non-subsidy" direction of industrial policy adjustment and vigorously developing non-subsidized policies is effective and necessary from the perspective of the role of NEV non-subsidized policies. At the same time, we must consider the characteristics and emphasis of different types of policy innovation incentives. For example, the market access policy can be used as a crucial means of direct intervention in the NEV non-subsidized policy, the dual-credit policy can be used as an important link in indirect guiding measures, while the government procurement policy needs to fully recognize and make good use of its "double-edged sword" function. Furthermore, we need to implement a differentiated and dynamic policy mix to expand the effectiveness boundaries of a single policy instrument and to ensure the effective implementation of policies. It is also important to note that within the technological innovation of NEV enterprises, we must establish a synchronous development mechanism of policy innovation incentives and enterprise behavior constraints. This will help effectively increase the proportion of high-level and substantive innovation within vehicle enterprises and fully realize the effective transformation of policy incentive scope from front-end innovation behavior to back-end innovation performance realization. This study makes two significant contributions. In terms of theoretical contribution, from the mechanism process of "policy resource structure - enterprise innovation behavior - enterprise innovation performance", taking the non-subsidized policy of NEVs as a typical example, this study enriches the research perspective of emerging industry policy and its innovation function, and expands the theoretical application scope of the S-C-P paradigm. In terms of practical contribution, from the perspective of "non-subsidy" policy research, this study systematically analyzes and effectively distinguishes the innovation realization process of NEV enterprises under the influence of non-subsidized policies. This broadens the existing research ideas on "non-financial incentives" and "non-monetary policies" of NEVs both domestically and internationally, and provides reasonable support for the further improvement of the non-subsidized policy system. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Path of Breakthrough Technological Innovation of Science and Technology Leading Enterprise under the Situation of "Strangle Hold": From the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem HUO Ying, , WU Jianlong Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 163-183.   Abstract （863）      PDF（pc） （2301KB）（185）       Knowledge map    Save In the context of open innovation, China's science and technology leading enterprises are encountering increasingly complex blockades and challenges initiated by innovation ecosystem led by foreign leading enterprises in terms of technological innovation and ecological expansion. How to break through the increasingly severe "strangle hold" blockade and achieve breakthrough technological innovation in the innovation ecosystem led by foreign leading enterprises is an important issue that needs to be solved by China's science and technology leading enterprises. Huawei is selected as the case study object to successfully solve the "strangle hold" dilemma through breakthrough technological innovation under the "strangle hold" situation of technical blockade and ecological challenges in the 5G complex product system manufacturing field. Based on the procedural rooting method, referring to the "context-action" analysis logic, following the event system theory, and starting from the perspective of the innovation ecosystem, this research makes a single case study of the fundamental causes, stage characteristics, breakthrough methods and breakthrough results of the "strangle hold" situation encountered by China's science and technology leading enterprises, and the breakthrough technological innovation path of the science and technology leading enterprises in the "strangle hold" situation is reviewed and depicted. Research findings: (1) The "strangle hold" situation triggers the organization dynamic evolution, value network innovation and technological paradigm change of the science and technology leading enterprises. The three elements stimulate each other and evolve synergistically, which successively experiences four stages: "embryonic stage→development stage→growth stage→expansion stage", and continues to promote the science and technology leading enterprises to achieve breakthrough technological innovation; (2) The essence of "strangle hold" is not just a competition between key core technologies, but has evolved into the battle of innovation ecosystem. Before breaking through the technical blockade, the key core technologies of the science and technology leading enterprises are "blocked", and after mastering the key core technologies, the science and technology leading enterprises are "blocked" by ecology; (3) The change of the innovation niche of China's science and technology leading enterprises in the innovation ecosystem led by foreign leading enterprises conforms to the development logic of "ecosystem periphery→ecosystem sub-periphery→trend to ecosystem core (occupy strategic niche)→ecosystem core (occupy key structural hole)". The transformation of species attributes conforms to the evolutionary process of "low (parasitic) innovation species→intermediate (symbiotic) innovation species→high (competitive) innovation species→top (dominant) innovation species"; (4) From technological blockade to ecological repression and then to ecological expulsion, the innovation ecosystem led by foreign leading enterprises implements the "strangle hold" blockade step by step through the path of "upstream of the innovation chain→downstream of the innovation chain→adoption chain→innovative survival resources". While through the way of "self-creating ecological alternative species→cultivating ecological alternative population→self-creating innovation ecosystem→creating ecological breakthrough population", the science and technology leading enterprises can solve the problems step by step according to the breakthrough technological innovation path of "key core technology→complementary technology→original technology→ technology application scenario". Practical enlightenment for science and technology leading enterprises: (1) Take precautions to self-create key ecological alternative species, and prepare for danger under the conditions of relatively stable international environment and relatively ideal corporate revenue performance to create a "spare tire"; (2) Cultivate ecological alternative population based on integrated innovation, enhance the flexible connection ability of technology and organization, form deep value co-creation with domestic enterprises providing complementary assets, and systematically improve the level of domestic substitution; (3) Layout innovation ecosystem based on autonomy and controllability, consolidate the "technology base" of the independent technology system, and build a "powerful ecosystem" capable of resisting external systemic challenges under the dual incentives of "promising government" and "effective market"; (4) Create ecological breakthrough population based on scenario-driven, fully connect the unmet market demand with the "short and powerful" parallel organization form, and stimulate the autonomous and controllable innovation ecosystem to generate more innovation resources. 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Research on the Relationship between Digital Inclusive Finance, Innovation Persistence and Entrepreneurial Firm Performance: The Moderating Role of Top Management Team Faultlines LI Wuwei , LI Enlai , CAO Yong Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 141-162.   Abstract （156）      PDF（pc） （1720KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Save As a scarce external resource, finance has become the core factor affecting the survival and development of private entrepreneurial firms. However, due to the restrictions of ownership structure, information asymmetry and other factors, the financial demand of private entrepreneurial firms is not satisfied from the traditional financial system. Therefore, how to build a long-term financial service model to break through the dilemma of financing difficulty and high cost of private entrepreneurial firms has become the key to promote the high-quality development of private entrepreneurial firms. With the rapid development of emerging technologies such as big data and cloud computing, a new financial model characterized by low cost and low threshold, namely digital inclusive finance came into being. Digital inclusive finance has a significant impact on the operation of micro-firms and even the development of macro-economy in China. Simultaneously, some researches have verified the potential positive impact of the development of digital inclusive finance on the operation of the firms from the perspective of financing constraints, financial mismatch and equity pledge at the micro-level. However, little is known about theoretical analysis framework and empirical research support on the issue of digital inclusive finance driving the development of private entrepreneurial firms, especially the internal mechanism of the impact of digital inclusive finance on the performance of private entrepreneurial firms. In order to explore the mechanism of the impact of digital inclusive finance on private entrepreneurial firm performance, a theoretical model aiming at investigating the impact of digital inclusive finance on private entrepreneurial firm performance was constructed. Specifically, based on resource dependence theory and the relevant literature on innovation persistence and team faultlines, digital inclusive finance, innovation persistence, private entrepreneurial firm performance, and top management team faultlines were integrated into a conceptual model. That is, this paper built a model of the mediating effect of digital inclusive finance on private entrepreneurial firm performance through innovation persistence and the moderating effect of top management team faultlines on the impact of digital inclusive finance on private entrepreneurial firm performance and the effect of innovation persistence on private entrepreneurial firm performance, whose purpose is to answer the following questions: Can digital inclusive finance significantly improve private entrepreneurial firm performance? Does innovation persistence play significant and mediating role in the relationship between digital inclusive finance and private entrepreneurial firm performance? Do top management team faultlines have significant and positive effect on the positive role of digital inclusive finance on improving private entrepreneurial firm performance, and on the positive role of the innovation persistence on improving private entrepreneurial firm performance? Based on the data on Chinese start-up private firms during the period from 2011 to 2018, this paper empirically analyzed the mediating role of innovation persistence on the relationship between digital inclusive finance and private entrepreneurial firm performance, and the moderating effect of top management team faultlines. Research results show that the development of digital inclusive finance has significant and positive effect on boosting private entrepreneurial firm performance, and innovation persistence has significant and mediating effect on the relationship between them. Simultaneously, top management team task-related faultlines and bio-demographic faultlines have significant and positive moderating effect on the impact of digital inclusive finance on the performance of private entrepreneurial firms, as well as the impact of innovation persistence on the performance of private entrepreneurial firms. Specifically, the higher the level of top management team task-related faultlines and bio-demographic faultlines, the stronger the positive effect of digital inclusive finance in promoting the performance of private entrepreneurial firms and the positive effect of innovation persistence in boosting the performance of private entrepreneurial firms. Further research results show that the mediating effect of innovation persistence and the moderating effect of top management team faultlines are more obvious in manufacturing private entrepreneurial firms and smaller-sized private entrepreneurial firms. Based on the research results, in order to increase private entrepreneurial firm performance, this paper further put forward some practical suggestions from the aspects of digital inclusive finance, innovation persistence and optimization of top management team faultlines. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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"Isomorphism" or "Isomeric ": A Comparative Study on the Attention Distribution of China's Specialization, Refinement, Differentiation, and Innovation Policies FAN Xia, LI Chuanju, ZHANG Qiaoling, ZHOU Jingyu Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 24-40.   Abstract （141）      PDF（pc） （3949KB）（137）       Knowledge map    Save As an important institutional tool to optimize the allocation of resources and stabilize the macro-economy, policy essentially bears and embodies the policy attention and internal governance logic of the main body of governance in a specific period. In fact, the difference in attention of local specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation policies reflects the different value judgments and strategic choices of local governments on the role orientation, cultivation concept and the focus of local government work. What is the "isomorphism" of local policies under the guidance of superior policies? What are the differences in the level of attention allocation of specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation policies in different places? How is the relationship between isomorphism and isomeric balanced? What is the logic behind it? Answering these questions scientifically is helpful to further understand the inherent laws and logic of local government policy actions, and has important theoretical and practical significance for local governments to formulate differentiated and targeted specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation strategies and improve the efficiency of cultivating specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation enterprises. Taking China's specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation policies promulgated in 2011-2021 as a sample, this research compares the attention distribution structure in local policy-making by using grounded theory, natural language processing, content analysis and other theoretical methods, and reveals the isomorphism and isomeric characteristics of attention distribution in policies at the same level, thus providing a new perspective for understanding government decision-making. The research findings are as follows: First, the focus of the whole country's attention is the overall goal level - creat-ing an innovative environment; the critical task level - operating management; and the detailed measure level - service system; Second, the national and local policy attention has strong isomorphism. Under the goal of technology vertical deepening, Henan, Anhui, Gansu and other places are similar to the national attention distribution, showing the characteristics of ignoring technology innovation and cooperation; With the goal of horizontal market expansion, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Fujian and other places have the same distribution of attention as the whole country, showing the characteristics of focusing on brand building and business management; Under the goal of creating an innovative environment, local governments have shown the isomorphic characteristics of focusing on organizational security; Third, the policy attention differences of 29 provinces coexist, and can be divided into three categories according to the differences under the goal of vertical deepening of technology, namely "emphasis on cooperation and supporting,""emphasis on technological innovation," and "emphasis on technological innovation and cooperation and supporting." Under the goal of horizontal expansion of the market, according to the differences, it can be divided into three categories, namely "emphasis on brand building,""despise brand building," and "despise business management and brand building." This is also a reflection of the adjustment made by local governments according to the resource endowment based on implementing the instructions of their superiors. Based on the above discussion, this research puts forward the following suggestions. First, technological innovation and cooperative support are the foundation and responsibility of specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation enterprises. Although some areas emphasize technological innovation and cooperative support as policy priorities, this goal needs to be strengthened from the overall level of the country. As the "chain chief " of the main industrial chain, the government can explore the establishment of a "specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation" demonstration zone for small and medium-sized enterprises, form an industrial cluster for small and medium-sized enterprises, attract the vertical alliance of large enterprises, and help the "chain owners" coordinate the supply relationship of intermediate inputs and important production factors, so as to realize collaborative innovation among enterprises and collaborative support of the industrial chain. Second, build a policy response to the development characteristics of "specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation" of small and medium-sized enterprises. Specialization, novelty and characteristics of "specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation" enterprises are the highlights of their development. Their growth and development not only need to deepen a single focus field vertically with technical originality as the core, but also need to expand diversified market application scenarios horizontally through highly open potential, so they can consciously pay attention to the technological research and development and market expansion needs of enterprises. Third, the policy should gradually shift to "quasi-"specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation enterprises. On the one hand, it is necessary to build a more accurate and effective mechanism to quickly and accurately identify potential specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation; On the other hand, expand the scope of gradient cultivation, extend the policy coverage, support "quasi-"specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation enterprises to build social networks, link industrial chains, break through the "ceiling" of resource pools, and help potential small and medium-sized enterprises to cross the key threshold of "specialization, refinement, differentiation, innovation ". Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Chinese Enterprises' Participation in International Standard Setting: Technology-Driven or Policy-Driven? CUI Weijun , SUN Cheng , LIU Zixin , WU Jie, Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 84-97.   Abstract （164）      PDF（pc） （1316KB）（128）       Knowledge map    Save With the progress of technology and economic development, China's voice in the formulation of international standards has been greatly enhanced in recent years, which has aroused the vigilance and concern of the United States government and its major institutions. They argue that the driving force behind Chinese companies' participation in international standard formulation is the standardization policy, led by special subsidies for standardization, implemented by the Chinese government, rather than technology. However, open standardization is essentially a competition between technologies, and patent, as the result of technological innovation, is the basis for enterprises to participate in standardization activities to formulate technical standards. So is Chinese companies' participation in international standards driven by technology? Or is it driven by policy? Or is it driven by both? However, there are few studies on the participation of enterprises in international standard formulation, focusing on the independent influence of technological innovation and government intervention on standard formulation, which not only draws contradictory conclusions, but also ignores whether the two will have complementary or substitute effects. In addition, on the other hand, international standards are the embodiment of international market rules, and the important situational feature of internationalization degree is ignored, so it is difficult to accurately reflect and judge the driving force of Chinese enterprises' participation in the formulation of international standards in the local context. In this paper, technological innovation, the intensity of standardized policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization are included into the same research framework, and China's listed manufacturing companies from 2016 to 2018 are taken as the research object. The intensity of standardized policy subsidies reflects the degree of Chinese government's intervention in enterprises' participation in standardization. From the perspective of technology and policy, using the resource-based view and signal theory, this paper investigates the influences of technological innovation and the intensity of standardization policy subsidies on Chinese enterprises' participation in international standard formulation, and further analyzes the moderating effects of the intensity of standardization policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization of enterprises on technological innovation and participation in international standard formulation. The results indicate that: (1) Technological innovation can promote the participation of Chinese enterprises in the formulation of international standards, but the intensity of standardization subsidies does not directly promote the participation of Chinese enterprises in the formulation of international standards; (2) With the increase of the intensity of standardization subsidies, technological innovation plays a more significant role in promoting the participation of enterprises in the formulation of international standards; (3) Compared with enterprises with a low degree of internationalization, technological innovation plays a greater role in promoting enterprises with a high degree of internationalization to participate in the formulation of international standards. From the perspective of quantitative research, this paper verifies the driving effect of technological innovation on Chinese enterprises' participation in international standard formulation and reveals two channels of technological innovation on enterprises' participation in international standard formulation. In addition, this paper analyzes the impact of the intensity of standardized policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization on the effectiveness of technological innovation from two scenarios: the intensity of standardized policy subsidies and the degree of internationalization of enterprises. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Mechanism and Path Optimization of Intellectual Property Rights and Standards to Promote Artificial Intelligence Industry Innovation WANG Liying , ZHAO Chunmiao, , WANG Juduo , WEN Jia Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 52-67.   Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （1489KB）（121）       Knowledge map    Save The fourth industrial revolution has accelerated the construction of innovation ecology with artificial intelligence technology as the core among industries. Among them, the technical standards under the influence of intellectual property rights have become the new competition rules for the innovation of artificial intelligence industry, and "technological monopoly", "standard lock", "alliance fragmentation" and other issues are becoming the "bottleneck" issues of the innovation and development of artificial intelligence industry. Therefore, strengthen the protection and application of artificial intelligence intellectual property rights The leading and leading of technical standards is crucial to accelerating the innovation of AI industry. However, most of the existing studies have analyzed the impact factors of digital industry innovation, and there is a large theoretical gap in the research on the dynamic process and internal mechanism and path of intellectual property rights and standards to jointly promote digital innovation in AI industry. Based on the practice of AI industry innovation and development, this paper first studies the interaction between intellectual property and standards and the mechanism of their synergistic impact on AI industry innovation through a systematic review, analyzes the types of intellectual property protection mechanism, standard leading mechanism and allianceecological mechanism, and then clarifies the connotation and characteristics of AI industry innovation. Further using the research method of multiple cases, through coding and theoretical dialogue, this paper analyzes the mechanism of intellectual property rights and standards to jointly promote the innovation of AI industry under the paradigm of progressive innovation, integrated innovation and breakthrough innovation, and puts forward the optimization path for the innovation and development of AI industry under different innovation paradigms. The case study of AI industry innovation shows that under the progressive innovation paradigm of AI industry, the intellectual property protection mechanism of AI late-developing enterprises represented by Hikvision and iFLYTEK reflects the characteristics of "weak monopoly+strong licensing+weak open source", and the standard leading mechanism shows the characteristics of "weak formulation+strong implementation+weak certification", At this stage, the AI industry needs to drive the industrial innovation and development to catch up with and surpass the path optimization through the effective coordination of the intellectual property protection mechanism and the standard leading mechanism. Under the integrated innovation paradigm of AI industry, the intellectual property protection mechanism of AI platform enterprises represented by Google, Baidu and others reflects the characteristics of "strong monopoly+strong license+weak open source", and the standard leading mechanism shows the characteristics of "strong formulation+strong implementation+weak certification", At this stage, the AI industry needs to drive the industrial innovation and development to a breakthrough path through the effective synergy of the standard leading mechanism and the alliance carrier ecological mechanism. Under the breakthrough innovation paradigm of the AI industry, Intel, Nvidia and others are the representatives of AI first-movers. The intellectual property protection mechanism reflects the characteristics of "strong monopoly + strong licensing + weak open source". The standard leading mechanism shows the characteristics of "strong formulation+strong implementation+strong certification". The "intellectual property alliance+standard alliance+industry alliance system" is constantly improved. At this stage, the standard leading mechanism The collaborative interaction between intellectual property protection mechanism and alliance carrier ecological mechanism plays an important role in forming a self-reliant path for the innovation and development of China's AI industry. The research conclusions are as follows: (1) The interaction mechanism of multi-dimensional interactive intellectual property rights and standards and alliance carriers is the key motivation to promote the independent and controllable innovation and development of AI industry. (2) The difference in the role of alliance carriers in multiple frameworks is an important factor that affects the synergy of intellectual property rights and standards in promoting the evolution of the AI industry innovation ecosystem. (3) Multi-stage symbiosis and cooperation is the development path for intellectual property rights and standards to jointly promote the ecological evolution of AI industry innovation. Finally, based on the practice of intellectual property rights and standards in promoting the innovation and development of AI industry in China, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions at the macro, industrial and enterprise levels, with a view to providing theoretical support and practical guidance for the independent and controllable innovation development of AI industry in China to a higher level. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Transformation Path and High-quality Development Strategy of Local High-level Laboratories in the New Era ZHANG Le, ZHANG Jun Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 41-59.   Abstract （139）      PDF（pc） （2232KB）（120）       Knowledge map    Save Optimizing the national innovation system in line with national strategic needs, as well as accelerating the construction of strategic scientific and technological forces under the leadership of national laboratories were emphasized in the 14th National Five-Year Plan. Furthermore, the Party's 20th National Congress also stressed reinforcement of national strategic scientific and technological forces, optimization of the positioning and layout of national research institutions, and establishment of a national laboratory system. Against the historical backdrop of the greatest changes the world has seen in a century, the international landscape is being reshaped at an accelerated pace, and global science and technology are undergoing a revolutionary transformation. The national strategic scientific and technological forces are being the foundation of national scientific and technological high -level self-reliance and self-improvement. The construction of high-level laboratories (i.e. provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions laboratories), organized in a "bottom-up" way, which is an innovative initiative of the local government to create a source of innovation aiming to meet the major national strategic goals and local high-quality development needs, At present, the number of high-level laboratories has grown rapidly and reached a stage of scale development., a few of them had become the hosting units for national laboratories entering the top echelon of research and development of the national innovation system, while the others are confronting increasingly fierce disorderly competition since the lack of uniform deployment at national level. At the moment, a majority of high-level laboratories are in the critical transition phase from the construction phase to the growth phase. Here, we propose an important theoretical support for the high-quality construction of high-level laboratories, and then to provide constructive insights for redirecting their development orientation or shifting their strategic focus, avoiding duplication of construction and functional positioning generalization. To address these gaps, the central government's "top-down" exploration of the cultivation of pilot national laboratories, the local government's "bottom-up" attempt to nurture candidates for national laboratory, "up-and-down" integrated establishment of the first batch of national laboratories, is comprehensive reviewed by merging multiple methods, including field research, written survey, network analysis and bibliography. Notably, innovative practices and successful experiences of advanced typical high-level laboratories that started early and achieved favorable performance were discussed, common problems and outstanding issues were systematically analyzed through cases repeated comparison and further analysis. It is noted that some high-level laboratories have made significant progress through innovative measures. First, to promote the reform of the system and mechanism, as well as the governance mode of science and technology. Second, to build large-scale research infrastructure, and to explore the frontiers of science and technology. Third, to attract innovative resources by combining toughness with softness, declaring its openness to cooperation with research institutions and universities. Fourth, to promote the combination of research and industry to accelerate the incubation of scientific research achievement. However, our studies show that factors that hinder the development of high-level laboratories include both internal operation and external environment factors. (1) the local governments have rushed into the construction of high-level laboratories without detailed consideration, resulting in repetition of layout and blind construction that costs a huge amount of investment, and (2) there is a shortage of innovative talent, especially among full-time researchers, and need for adaptation of workforce structure, (3) there's a mismatch between the innovation policies of the high-level laboratories and the current S&T system and procedures, and a lack of clarity or certainty about the rights and responsibilities between the provincial and local governments, (4) lack of independent innovative achievements, owing to insufficient organizational independence and autonomy. Finally, high-quality development ideas and implementation pathways for high level laboratories are proposed. (1) the local government should further clarify the strategic positioning of the laboratory itself by forming a "pyramid structure" trapezoidal structure, namely strategic → tactical → industrial-oriented laboratory system. (2) It is necessary to clarify the rights and responsibilities of the provincial government and local government in the construction and operation, and the allocation of S&T budget reasonably. (3) It proposed to strengthen the unit construction to form an independent research force and strive to cultivate a strong and independent R&D prowess. (4) Through the optimization of the innovation system, including stable system and mechanism, solid infrastructure, in-depth integration of science and education, promotion of the transformation of scientific research achievements, participation in open innovation, to strengthen scientific and technological core competence and competitive advantage. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Proximity, Network Dependence and the Evolution of Collaborative Innovation Network in the National High-Tech Sector: Take the National High-Tech Zone in Eastern China as An Example YUAN Hai , QIN Si , ZHANG Lijiao , FU Jing Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 77-91.   Abstract （136）      PDF（pc） （1777KB）（116）       Knowledge map    Save The evolution of the national high-tech zone collaborative innovation network is of great significance to building a cross-regional high-tech zone collaborative innovation community and promoting high-quality development of regional collaborative innovation and integration. This article takes the collaborative innovation network of national high-tech zones as the research object, and based on the cooperative patent application data of listed companies in the national high-tech zones in the east from 2011 to 2020, constructs the collaborative innovation network of national high-tech zones in eastern my country, and its structural evolution conduct visual analysis of features; A hypothesis on the dynamic mechanism that proximity and network dependence drive the evolution of national high-tech interval collaborative innovation networks was proposed, and empirically tested using temporal exponential random graph models. The study found that: (1) The national high-tech collaborative innovation network in the east has the characteristics of a "small world", and the network structure shows a multi-center and community evolution trend; from the "twin stars" centered on Zhongguancun-Guangzhou high-tech zone". The network structure has evolved into a multi-center collaborative innovation network with three pillars: Zhongguancun, Shanghai Zhangjiang, and Guangzhou-Shenzhen high-tech zone. It initially formed the Bohai rim high-tech zone community with Beijing Zhongguancun as the center, and the Yangtze River Delta with Shanghai Zhangjiang as the center. high-tech zone community and the Pearl River Delta high-tech zone community centered on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen high-tech zone. (2) In the examination of the dynamic mechanism of the evolution of the national high-tech collaborative innovation network in the east, geographical proximity has a significant positive impact on the evolution of the national high-tech collaborative innovation network in the east, while the impact of institutional proximity is always not significant; the preference attachment, connectivity, and transitive closure in network dependence all significantly affect the evolution of the national high-tech interval collaborative innovation network in the east; the dynamic mechanism of the national high-tech interval collaborative innovation network evolution has staged. The transformation law is the transition from geographical proximity and preference dependence in the network formation stage to network dependence at the network structure level such as connectivity and ternary closure in the network growth stage. In addition, the following policy implications are provided for building a national high-tech inter-regional collaborative innovation network: (1) Build a national high-tech inter-regional collaborative innovation network mechanism. Streamline the industrial chain with upstream and downstream linkage and reasonable regional layout, use the industrial chain to lay out the innovation chain, and promote the orderly flow, efficient allocation, and in-depth integration of innovation resource elements in high-tech zones through inter-regional linkage and co-construction and sharing of innovation platforms and collaborative centers. Promote the formation and evolution of cross-regional national high-tech collaborative innovation networks. (2) Rely on the "innovation star" high-tech zones to create more centralized and contiguous national-level high-tech zone innovation communities. Encourage "innovation star" high-tech zones located at the core of the collaborative innovation network to follow market-oriented principles to strengthen innovation collaboration and innovation radiation with national-level high-tech zones adjacent or in the same urban agglomeration, explore the establishment of collaborative innovation strategic alliances in high-tech zones, and create more centralized, connected, jointly developed, and cross-regional high-tech zone collaborative innovation communities. (3) Enlarge and strengthen the circle of friends and build a high-quality national high-tech zone collaborative innovation community. Based on the three major national-level high-tech zone innovation communities centered on Beijing Zhongguancun, Shanghai Zhangjiang, and Guangzhou high-tech zone, it is important to use the multiple connectivity of the high-tech zone's innovative circle of friends and the transitivity of shared partners to strengthen bilateral or multilateral knowledge exchange with technology, reduce the cost and market risk of collaborative innovation in high-tech zones, build a high-tech zone collaborative innovation community that includes more high-tech zones, closer cooperative innovation connections, and a more cohesive innovation network structure, and promote high-quality and stable high-tech zone collaborative innovation networks develop. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Driving Mechanism of Innovation Ability of Low-Carbon Cities: Based on the Fuzzy Sets Qualitative Comparative Analysis Method LUO Gongli, WANG Xiaotong Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 92-104.   Abstract （208）      PDF（pc） （1422KB）（115）       Knowledge map    Save As the space carrier of innovation activities and the gathering place of innovation element resources, cities are indispensable responsible subjects and action units for promoting low-carbon development and addressing climate change. Innovation is a critical driver of urban economic growth and social development, and low-carbon urban innovation is an important approach to achieving green and low-carbon development. It is particularly urgent to study the innovation ability and driving mechanism of low-carbon cities to improve their innovation ability. Therefore, based on the innovation ecosystem theory, this research proposes a configuration analysis framework to study the innovation ability of low-carbon cities and takes 68 low-carbon cities as case samples. Using the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), this research explores the complex causal mechanism of the low-carbon city innovation ecosystem driving innovation ability improvement. The question that this research wants to solve is: Is there a necessary condition for a low-carbon city to generate high innovation ability? Which paths can enable low-carbon cities to show high innovation abilities? Which approach will inhibit the improvement of innovation ability? First, based on the innovation ecosystem theory, this research constructs a configuration analysis framework to study the innovation ability of low-carbon cities. Secondly, the necessary condition test is carried out using the method of QCA. The results show that the technological innovation subject, the knowledge innovation subject, human resources, financial resources, innovation infrastructure, and innovative social environment elements are not the necessary conditions for high innovation ability or non-high innovation ability. Thirdly, using the fsQCA method to analyze the configuration, study the driving mechanism of low-carbon city innovation ability, and name the discovered configuration. This research analyzes the driving paths of the city's high innovation and non-high innovation ability. The results show that there are five driving paths for the high innovation ability of low-carbon cities. Respectively, enterprise-intelligence-facility-driven, agent-intelligence-facility-balanced-driven, capital-facility-balanced-driven, resource-environment-balanced-driven and resource-facility-driven. Five paths lead to low-carbon cities with non-high innovation ability, among which non-high knowledge innovation subjects and non-high innovation resources are important reasons for non-high innovation ability. Moreover, the antecedents of the high and non-high innovation ability of cities show asymmetric characteristics. Each city should choose a suitable path according to its characteristics to improve the city's innovation ability. The innovation ability of a city is affected by the synergy of many factors. The improvement of technological innovation subject, innovation resources and innovation infrastructure are the key to promote the improvement of urban innovation ability. Actively promoting the balance of innovation subjects, innovation resources, and environment to promote the overall innovation ability of low-carbon cities. The urban innovation ecological configuration proposed in this research still has shortcomings and needs to be improved in the follow-up research. Limited by data availability, there are certain flaws in the variable design. It can improve the measurement of innovation ability further. This research focuses on horizontal analysis, only analyzes the static relationship between urban innovation ecosystem and innovation ability, and does not consider the dynamic evolution of each variable over time. The QCA method of multi-period and multi-linear growth can be considered to analyze and compare the configuration solutions of different periods, and further, explore the dynamic evolution of the driving mechanism of urban entrepreneurial ability. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A Study on the Cross Level Impact of High Performance Work System on Internal Entrepreneurial Behavior of Employees QIN Yinglin , LIN Zhong , TIAN Yunqing Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 184-198.   Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （1463KB）（114）       Knowledge map    Save In order to stimulate the internal vitality of enterprises and obtain market competitive advantages, employee internal entrepreneurship has gradually become an important way to expand the strategic scale of technology-based enterprises. Some scholars in the field of organizational management have found that organizational characteristics, leadership characteristics, and personal factors will affect employees' internal entrepreneurial behavior, but the study of human resource management practice as a whole is still in its infancy. High performance work system, as a complex of enterprise human resource management practices, can promote the development of employees and organizations. Therefore, this study focuses on the influence of high performance work system on employees' internal entrepreneurial behavior and its internal mechanism in technology-based enterprises. Based on social exchange theory and self-determination theory, internal and external work motivation is used as the mediating variable, and the perception of career prospects is used as the moderating variable. Before issuing the questionnaire, this study conducted detailed communication with the principal person in charge before issuing the questionnaire, emphasizing the use and confidentiality of the questionnaire. Finally, 59 valid questionnaires of team leaders and 201 valid questionnaires of members were collected by team leader-member pairing method. The questionnaires used were all existing mature scales to ensure the validity of the questionnaire, and a multi-layer linear model was used to test each hypothesis. The results show that the high performance work system has a positive impact on employees' internal entrepreneurial behavior; intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation play a part mediating role in the above relationship. The perception of career prospects not only moderated the relationship between internal and external motivation and internal entrepreneurial behavior, but also moderated the mediating role of high performance work system and internal entrepreneurial behavior. When employees' perception of career prospects is at a high level, the stronger the influence of internal and external motivation on employees' internal entrepreneurial behavior, and the stronger the mediating effect of internal and external motivation between high performance work system and internal entrepreneurial behavior. The research findings are as follows: (1) Technology-based enterprises are more sensitive to innovation and entrepreneurship, and their internal atmosphere and job nature are also more conducive to employee internal entrepreneurship. (2) Intrinsic motivation takes "intrinsic psychological needs" and extrinsic motivation takes "extrinsic opportunity desires" as two different psychological pathways, linking high-performance work systems and employee internal entrepreneurial behavior, forming a transmission mechanism of "high-performance work systems personal motivation employee role external behavior". (3) Under different levels of career prospect perception, the effect of high performance work system on promoting employee internal entrepreneurial behavior is different. Meanwhile, individuals' future situational perception also affects their behavior and attitude. Based on the above discussion, the following suggestions are proposed. First of all, technology-based enterprises should be highly aware of the positive impact of high performance work system on employees' attitudes and behaviors. From employee recruitment, employee training to the construction of employee compensation system can stimulate the enthusiasm of employees. Secondly, technology-based enterprises should give employees more opportunities for growth and rewards, stimulate their internal and external work motivation, and thus promote their internal entrepreneurship. Finally, technology-based enterprises needs to improve its own strategic direction and guarantee the career growth of employees with the stability of the enterprise, so as to enhance employees' perception of career prospects and further strengthen the influence of work motivation on employees' behavior. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Does Managerial Myopia Restrain the Innovation Incentive Effect of Talent Policy? ZHU Hao, LI Lin, ZHANG Lulu, HE Jianhong Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 173-194.   Abstract （120）      PDF（pc） （1612KB）（110）       Knowledge map    Save Innovation-driven is essentially talent-driven. How to improve the incentive system and create a good environment to fully stimulate the innovation vitality of talents is an important practical topic for the in-depth implementation of talents strategy for powerful nation in the new era. In the practice of China's innovation-driven development, the government has successively introduced a package of incentives for technological innovation with financial and tax support as the core. Among these, there is still a lack of sufficient empirical evidence on the effectiveness of talent policy as a dedicated government investment in human capital, directly targeting the most scarce factor of talent production for firm innovation, to stimulate quality innovation in firms. At the same time, the upper echelon theories and time-oriented theories point out that enterprise managers subjectively pay more attention to the short term and prefer the present, and generally produce managerial myopia, distort and worsen the internal innovation environment of enterprises, which in turn may inhibit the effective functioning of government incentives. However, at present, there is a lack of direct empirical evidence from academia on whether managerial myopia negatively moderates the innovation incentive effect of government incentive policies, especially talent policies, which provides room for a marginal contribution to this paper, which will help explore feasible paths and powerful grips for strengthening talent incentives and optimizing the talent environment from the micro level of enterprises. Based on signal theory, upper echelon and time-oriented theory, this paper takes China's A-share listed companies from 2008 to 2020 as a sample. Talent subsidies are separated from the disclosed government subsidy details and machine learning techniques are used to construct managerial short-termism indicators to empirically test the innovation incentive effect of talent policies and the moderating effect of managerial short-termism on the innovation incentive effect of talent policies. The results show that the talent policy has a strong innovation incentive effect and can effectively promote high-quality innovation of enterprises. However, at the same time, the more short-sighted the manager, the more prominent the inhibitory effect on the innovation incentive effect of talent policy, which means that the enterprise managerial myopia significantly inhibits the innovation incentive effect of talent policy. The above conclusion is still valid after a series of robustness tests, which establishes a theoretical link between macro industrial policy and micro enterprise characteristics, and provides enterprise-level evidence for the optimization and improvement of talent policy; Further heterogeneity analysis from the two dimensions of equity structure and management governance shows that increasing the shareholding ratio and equity balance of supervisory institutional investors, hiring senior executives with financial background and increasing the shareholding ratio of management can effectively alleviate the inhibitory effect of managerial myopia on the innovation incentive effect of talent policy, and provide a path reference for establishing effective self-discipline and external supervision mechanisms from the enterprise level to create a good innovation atmosphere. This paper enriches the research on the relationship between talent policy, managerial myopia and high-quality innovation of enterprises, and has certain practical implications for improving the incentive system and creating a good environment to fully stimulate the vitality of talent innovation, such as continuously increasing talent support, effectively creating a good enterprise innovation environment, and optimizing and improving the level of corporate governance. However, there are still certain shortcomings and limitations in this paper, such as the lack of detailed observation and accurate portrayal of the perception and response of innovative talents to managerial myopia in enterprises, and field research and interviews with innovative talents can be strengthened in the future to enrich the study of the interaction between innovative talents and managers in enterprises. At the same time, in the future, we may try to discuss the support and influence of employee support and organizational atmosphere on innovative talents from a bottom-up perspective, so as to improve and optimize the corporate innovation environment to fully stimulate talents. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Relationship among Discretionary Slack, Ambidextrous Innovation and SMEs Performance in Crisis Context WEI Feng, ZHANG Huimiao, WANG Yifei Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 33-51.   Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （1503KB）（102）       Knowledge map    Save In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, small and medium enterprises（SMEs）have faced considerable challenges due to external factors such as diminished market demand and disrupted supply chain. These pressures are compounded by their internal resource constraints, compelling SMEs to effectively utilize their available slack resources in response to the ongoing crisis. Discretionary slack, an important type of organizational slack, plays a crucial role in maintaining business continuity and responding to external shocks, especially for SMEs. This form of slack resource can provide adaptability and flexibility for SMEs, allowing them to invest in innovation and explore new opportunities without jeopardizing their opera-tions. However, our understanding of how resource-constrained SMEs leverage their limited discretionary slack effectively remains underdeveloped. Base on it, the research question of the study is to investigate how SMEs leverage their limited discretionary slack to engage in innovation and then improve performance in the context of crisis, such as the global Covid-19 pandemic. Drawing on the resource-based view, the study focused on discretionary slack, seeking to explore the underlying mechanisms and boundary conditions that affect the performance of SMEs. Utilizing a two-wave survey dataset from 159 Chinese SMEs collected during the Covid-19 pandemic, the study employed multiple linear regression analysis to test the hypotheses, ultimately leading to the following conclusions:under the crisis situation,（1）discretionary slack is positively related to short-term and sustainability performance of SMEs;（2）Exploratory innovation mediates the effects of discretionary slack on both short-term and sustainability performance, while exploitative innovation mediates the effect of discretionary slack on sustainability performance of SMEs;（3）Growth aspiration not only moderates the relationship between discretionary slack and exploratory innovation, but also moderates the mediation path of exploratory innovation;（4）Geographical distance to the epicenter not only moderates the relationship between discretionary slack and exploratory innovation, but also moderates the mediation path of exploratory innovation; These results indicate that:（1）managers of SMEs should actively monitor internal slack dynamics, enhance their capacities to utilize and manage excess resources effectively, and develop comprehensive crisis emergency plans in advance.（2）In response to unexpected crises, managers of SMEs should prioritize exploratory activities, allocating increased resources to support innovation endeavors. By actively developing new products and services, they can more effectively navigate and overcome such crises.（3）It's crucial to focus on fostering and motivating the aspiration levels of senior managers. By maximally stimulating their drive and determination, these enterprises can effectively surmount challenges.（4）For SMEs situated in or near areas heavily impacted by crises, it is advisable to allocate a greater portion of their discretionary slack towards exploratory innovation activities. This strategic allocation can better capitalize on the comprehensive performance enhancement benefits offered by exploratory innovation. In addition, future research can delve deeper into other internal mechanisms by which discretionary slack affects the performance of SMEs in crisis contexts. Such investigations would aim to thoroughly elucidate the interaction between discretionary slack and various contextual factors, thereby enhancing our understanding of how to optimize its effectiveness. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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How do Patent Infringement Lawsuits Affect the Market Value of Companies? Empirical Evidence from Data of Chinese Listed Companies YANG Lin , SUN Yutao Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 18-32.   Abstract （110）      PDF（pc） （1384KB）（89）       Knowledge map    Save Through the continuous acquisition of patents, companies convey signal of their robust innovative capabilities to the market, elevating shareholders' and investors' expectations, consequently attracting financial capital. Alongside the surge in corporate patents lies an escalating susceptibility to patent infringement litigation. The impact of such litigation on an company's market value has emerged as a critical practical concern. Prevailing studies predominantly focus on patent infringement litigation behaviors in developed countries like the U.S., positing that such litigation detrimentally affects the average market value of both plaintiff and defendant companies. Nevertheless, these findings cannot be directly extrapolated to China. First, the dominant explanation for the negative effects of patent infringement litigation, steep litigation costs. Diverges substantially in China due to significantly lower costs compared to developed nations like the U.S. Second, the temporal influence of patent infringement litigation on market value transcends the litigation event itself; it requires allowance for the time needed by investors to assimilate information and assess repercussions, warranting the inclusion of temporal lag considerations. Further shaping market value alterations represent investors' perception of patent infringement litigation. Third, unlike the institutional investor-driven stock markets in developed countries, China's stock market is primarily fueled by retail investors who are yet to refine their capacity to evaluate a company's market value within the context of patent litigation. In this milieu, analysts' attention emerge as a pivotal moderating factor. Based on the above analysis, this study devises a theoretical analytical framework based on signaling theory to explore the ramifications of patent infringement litigation on company's market value within the Chinese context. Moreover, the study probes the modulating influence of analysts' attention as a signaling environment. The empirical investigation draws on data from Shanghai and Shenzhen main board-listed companies that disclosed patent infringement dispute-related announcements from 2012 to 2018. The analysis reveals several key findings. First, patent infringement litigation yields a marked positive effect on plaintiff company's stock prices on the announcement date, but subsequently exerts a negative influence on their future market value. Second, patent infringement litigation exhibits an insignificant impact on both announcement date stock prices and future market capitalization of defendant companies. Third, analysts' attention mitigates the positive impact of patent infringement litigation announcements on plaintiff company's announcement date stock prices, magnifies the adverse effect of such announcements on defendant plaintiff company's announcement date stock prices. Analysts' attention have no significant moderating effect on the impact of patent infringement lawsuits on the future market value of plaintiffs and defendants. The article's contributions span theoretical and practical realms. Theoretically, it interweaves signaling theory into the exploration of patent infringement litigation's impact on company market capitalization, injecting a dynamic dimension by tracing how investors' signal interpretations evolve over time. Furthermore, it dissects the moderating role of the signaling environment—specifically analysts' attention—on the connection between patent infringement litigation and company's market capitalization. This augments the theoretical framework, offering a comprehensive perspective on how patent infringement litigation, as a signaling mechanism, shapes company's market capitalization and the contextual factors at play. Notably, the article's findings regarding the impact of patent infringement litigation on defendant company's announcement date contrary from established conclusions centered on developed countries like the U.S. This underscores the distinctiveness of investor views in the Chinese landscape, attributable to the lower litigation costs and comparatively reduced compensation for infringement. In practical terms, the study underscores that the Chinese stock market generally accommodates patent infringement litigation events. In cases of infringement, companies are encouraged to pursue litigation confidently, while those facing infringement claims as defendants need not overly fret, instead focusing on proactive litigation response to transform challenges into opportunities. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Generation Process of User Entrepreneurial Resource Development Ability: A Multi-Case Study Based on Resource Orchestration YIN Miaomiao , FENG Xinying Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 124-140.   Abstract （146）      PDF（pc） （1875KB）（88）       Knowledge map    Save China has entered a new stage of development. One of the important tasks in this stage is to encourage all the people to work together to create a better life and gradually achieve common prosperity for all. Observing practical activities, it is found that the rising user entrepreneurship is an important practical activity to give full play to the collective wisdom of ordinary people, implement the strategy of innovation-driven development, and promote the realization of common prosperity. However, the phenomenon of user innovation is common, but translated into user entrepreneurship is really rare. One possible reason is that users are limited by their own resource endowment and usually don't have the ability to effectively develop resources, so they are often stopped at the innovation stage and cannot realize the evolution from user innovation to user entrepreneurship. In this context, how to effectively acquire, accumulate and develop entrepreneurial resources and cultivate their own resources development ability has become an urgent problem to be solved in theoretical research and practice. However, the existing researches still pay insufficient attention to the user as the entrepreneurial subject, and the researches on how the user generates the resource development ability are even less. Therefore, it is necessary to reveal the generation of resource exploitation ability in the process of user entrepreneurship, so as to provide theoretical inspiration and practical guidance for the transformation from user innovation to user entrepreneurship. Based on the research perspective of resource orchestration, this paper takes three user start-ups as the research object and adopts the exploratory multi-case study method to construct the theoretical analysis framework of user entrepreneurial resource development ability. Firstly, the generation stage of users' entrepreneurial resource development ability is identified, and the characteristics of resource development ability in different stages are clarified. Secondly, the pre-driving factors and resource development activities in different stages of entrepreneurship are identified. On this basis, the generation logic of users' entrepreneurial resource development ability is systematically sorted out. The results show that the generation of users' entrepreneurial resource development ability follows the logical mechanism of "innovation-driven - resource orchestration - capability generation". The research also shows that user innovation, resource orchestration activities and capability generation do not have only one round, but show dynamic evolution characteristics. Along with the evolution of the entrepreneurial stage, resource collaboration ability, resource patchwork ability and resource extension ability will be generated successively. On this basis, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the generation of users' entrepreneurial resources development ability, and analyzes the generation and evolution path of users' entrepreneurial resources development ability. The research findings of this paper have certain theoretical contribution and practical significance. In terms of theoretical contribution, the analysis of the generation process of users' entrepreneurial resource development ability in this paper effectively reveals the transformation process of user innovation to user entrepreneurship, and enriches relevant researches on user entrepreneurship. In addition, this paper identifies the dynamic stage evolution characteristics of users' entrepreneurial resource development ability, which provides insight and inspiration for the subsequent analysis of entrepreneurial ability from the perspective of resource development. Finally, this paper reveals the driving role of user innovation in the process of user entrepreneurial resource development ability, expands the understanding of the relationship between user innovation and user entrepreneurship, and contributes to the theoretical research on innovation-driven entrepreneurship. In terms of practical significance, firstly, users should fully tap their own resources, and be good at putting forward new problems and generating new ideas from practical life. Secondly, users should attach importance to the construction of their own relationship network, improve the ability to obtain resources and cooperate to develop resources, and carry out innovative and entrepreneurial activities with collective cooperative thinking. Finally, users should keep pace with the times and change with the trend, improve the ability to extend the utilization of resources, and maximize the value of resources. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Interest Demands and Influence of the Core Stakeholders of National Industrial Innovation Center YUE Yingchu, HUO Guoqing Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 60-76.   Abstract （141）      PDF（pc） （1371KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save The National Industrial Innovation Center is an important measure to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and cultivate new driving forces for economic development in China. However, the overall operation effect of the National Industrial Innovation Center in China is far below the expected goal. The fundamental reason is that all stakeholders in the National Industrial Innovation Center are relatively independent legal persons or unincorporated subjects, and the diversity of their interests and potential conflicts restrict the survival and development of the National Industrial Innovation Center. In view of this, this research firstly applies the stakeholder theory, establishes the "power-attention" stakeholder analysis matrix of the National Industrial Innovation Center, and divides all kinds of stakeholders into core stakeholders and secondary stakeholders on the basis of accurately identifying all kinds of stakeholders of the National Industrial Innovation Center. Secondly, through the research method of theoretical analysis, this study focuses on the in-depth analysis of the interest demands and interest structures of core stakeholders represented by competitive R&D institutions, collaborative R&D institutions and government industrial authorities, and further summarizes the interest demands of the National Industrial Innovation Center into three types according to the theory of competition and cooperation and the characteristics of each interest demand, which include collaborative interest appeal, competitive interest appeal, opposing interest appeal. Among them, collaborative interest appeal refers to the interest appeal that is beneficial to all kinds of stakeholders and will not hinder the interests of any party, which usually has the characteristics of consistency, cooperation and value-added; competitive interest appeal refers to the interest appeal of all kinds of stakeholders in line with market principles, which usually has the characteristics of limited resources, asymmetric information and moral hazard; opposing interest appeal refers to the interest appeal with zero-sum game between the interests of various stakeholders, which usually has the characteristics of exclusion, hedging and harmfulness. Subsequently, based on the typical representative of case samples and the availability of data, this research selects the National Advanced Environmental Protection Industrial Innovation Center, which is in the application stage, as the case study object. Then by systematically analyzing the basic composition of the core stakeholders of the National Advanced Environmental Protection Industrial Innovation Center and their interest demands, this research verifies the above interest demands theory. At the same time, these research results are also applied to the consulting report submitted to Company A in Hebei, the lead unit of the National Advanced Environmental Protection Industrial Innovation Center. Finally, this research deeply discusses the influence of three kinds of interest demands on the survival and development of the National Industrial Innovation Center. Among them, collaborative interest appeal has a positive role in promoting the stable development of the National Industrial Innovation Center, and has the greatest impact in the establishment stage; the impact of competitive interest appeal on the National Industrial Innovation Center depends on the nature and degree of competition, and it has the greatest impact in the process of operation and development; opposing interest appeal will inevitably seriously affect the quality of life of the National Industrial Innovation Center and hinder its successful development, and have the greatest impact in the later stage of development. Furthermore, focusing on practicality and application, this research puts forward the solution strategies to effectively realize the interest balance of the National Industrial Innovation Center, which mainly include strengthening the support and guidance of collaborative interest appeal; paying attention to the balance and regulation of competitive interest appeal; promoting the elimination or transformation of opposing interest appeal. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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How to Tell a Good Entrepreneurial Story? An Analysis of Micro-Level Arguments of Entrepreneurial Narratives Based on the fsQCA Method WANG Zemin, LONG Jing, ZHANG Jichang Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (05): 105-123.   Abstract （99）      PDF（pc） （1495KB）（83）       Knowledge map    Save The theory of cultural entrepreneurship suggests that entrepreneurial narratives is an important means for new ventures to obtain entrepreneurial resources and establish legitimacy, and that it has become an integral part of the process by which entrepreneurs create new businesses and new wealth. While the existing studies have risen from case to theory to reveal entrepreneurial narrative typology, they do not give feedback to entrepreneurs on how to choose rhetorical strategies to maximize their effectiveness. Meanwhile, empirical studies on cultural entrepreneurship have only focused on the simple linear relationship between antecedents such as narrative content, narrative style and rhetorical strategies and entrepreneurial resource acquisition, but in fact, entrepreneurial narratives contain multiple core elements, and the complex causal relationship between multiple concurrent causes on resource acquisition needs to be explored. As investor resonance is a key antecedent that drives investor support behavior, entrepreneurs' entrepreneurial narratives need to resonate with investors. Based on the argumentation theory and cultural resonance, this study analyzes the textual content of 304 entrepreneurial narratives in We are The Hero by integrating text analysis, necessary condition analysis (NCA) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), and investigates the configuration effect of entrepreneurial narrative micro level arguments (mission-oriented claim, environment successfully oriented claim, intermediate performance oriented claim and entrepreneurial team oriented claim) and argumentation strategies (enthymemes, temporal reorganization argument, present state argument and data argument) on investors resonance from the perspective of configuration. The study found that: (1) a single claims or argument strategy does not constitute necessary condition for investor's high resonance. (2) "The performance team carries forward the past and ushers in the future" narrative, "clear arguments led by the team" narrative and "mission prospect time intertextuality" narrative are three types of entrepreneurial narrative that can inspire investor's high resonance. (3) All configurations of high investors resonance include high-quality entrepreneurial teams and present state argument that pays more attention to the development of enterprises. Therefore, high-quality entrepreneurial teams play more important role in stimulating the high resonance of investors, and a reasonable entrepreneurial narrative is essentially the result of entrepreneurs’effective allocation of arguments based on the development and business practice of new ventures. The findings help deepen the research on cultural resonance in narratives from the micro argumentation structure and respond to the performativity of cultural entrepreneurship based on the important role of present state argument in entrepreneurial narratives, as well as bring beneficial practical enlightenment to guide entrepreneurs to carry out entrepreneurial narrative reasonably. First, new ventures need to develop entrepreneurial narratives based on business practices, identify their own development strengths, and look cautiously into the future of the enterprise. Second, entrepreneurial narratives need to balance economic and social values, which means that new ventures should have a good mission orientation. Third, the high quality entrepreneurial team plays an important role in the entrepreneurial narrative and inspiring resonance with investors, yet the enterprises in the case generally lack performance in terms of entrepreneurial team. Finally, entrepreneurs should reasonably configure the micro-content of the narrative. Entrepreneurs should effectively combine argumentation strategies and reasonably configure arguments based on the business practices of new ventures, and also realize the interconnection of argumentation strategies and successfully argued arguments to strengthen the logical structure of the entire entrepreneurial narrative. Certainly, there are gaps in this study, such as the fact that the micro-level arguments are essentially based on logos in Aristotelian rhetoric, as well as placing more emphasis on present state argument. Therefore, future research is encouraged to continue to explore how entrepreneurial narratives effectively combine logos, pathos and ethos to enhance narrative validity, and how entrepreneurs lay out effective temporal structures in their entrepreneurial narratives to ensure narrative coherence. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Risks, Principles and Responsibilities: Research on the Construction of the Ethical Norm Framework of Artificial Intelligence Social Experiment Based on the Experimental Path RU Peng , QIN Xiaoyang , SU Jun Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 98-117.   Abstract （131）      PDF（pc） （1431KB）（68）       Knowledge map    Save The Artificial Intelligence Social Experiment (AISE) investigates the broader social impact of AI technology. It employs social experimentation as a scientific method of research, with the goal of anticipating AI hazards, seeking solutions in advance, and promoting the benign growth of AI technology. AISEs must be carried out in real-life social circumstances and will surely have deep ethical consequences for both the participants and the social environment within the experimental areas. As a result, there is a pressing need to build a practical and effective ethical norm framework. Although some studies have investigated relevant ethical risks and principles, scholars and practitioners remain perplexed and divided about how to make these abstract concepts empirically understandable and useful, that is, to "translate" them into practices to guide the actual conduct of AISE. Meanwhile, the unpredictability of AI technology makes it more difficult to forecast and prevent ethical problems, as well as to assign responsibility in AISEs. In this setting, a more detailed explanation of how to identify ethical risks, apply ethical principles, and define ethical obligations in practice is required. Fortunately, the systermatic settings of AISE equip researchers with the tools and approaches to tackle these difficult topics. By sorting out the basic protocol of a standard AISE, it can be summarized that the typical AISE process consists of seven stages: build experimental scenarios, clarify experimental methods, confirm experimental objects, set observed variables, organize experimental implementation, analyze experimental data, and provide feedback on experimental results. Based on the specific stages of experiments, the ethical risks, principles, and responsibilities may be appropriately assessed and integrated, resulting in the construction of an AISE ethical norm system that can not only convey the value consensus in general, but also have strong practical operability. With this approach, the study of ethical risks may be merged based on the risks of AI technology and social experimentation at each experimental stage, which awaits enrichment and further interpretation based on diverse application scenarios paired with various AI features. Following the identification of ethical risks, the ethical principles established along the experimental path can directly target the ethical risks inside each stage, maximizing normative efficacy. By organizing the most prevalent ethical principles in AI ethics and social experiment ethics, the overlapping chosen principles of beneficence、autonomy、non-maleficence、justice and transparency are shown. Each principle informs different normative criteria and exerts varied normative effects at different phases, such comprehensive refinement works as detailed operating direction for all AISE participants. Furthermore, according to AISE regulations, the key participants in this event can be classified as application subjects, research subjects, technical subjects, and review subjects. Each participant has their own distinct tasks to contribute, which maintains their allocated obligation as well as accountability towards specific elements of the experiments. In this way, a complete comprehension of AISE's ethical norm framework can be acquired and illuminated. The ethical norm system based on the experimental path is not only simple to grasp and reflect the ethical qualities of AISE, but it is also simple to use, which aids in the resolution of practical ethical concerns, the avoidance of ethical harms, the application of ethical principles, and the definition of ethical obligations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Configuration Analysis of Influencing Factors on the Development of Data Factor Markets: A Perspective Based on Multi-Center Governance YU Qing , SHI Yanwen , SUN Kexin , ZHANG Xi Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 157-172.   Abstract （107）      PDF（pc） （1468KB）（61）       Knowledge map    Save The rise of the data factor market plays a crucial role in China's path to modernization, with its development poised to reshape industrial ecosystems and facilitate the achievement of modernization goals. The unique characteristics of data factor, such as non-competitiveness, externality, replicability, and measurability, dictate the special complexity of governing the data factor market, needing the establishment of unique governance mechanisms to ensure the secure and efficient circulation of data factor. Due to the involvement of diverse data types, domains, and scenarios, a singular management approach falls short of covering its diversity, thus requiring industry-driven integration. Additionally, the multitude of stakeholders in the data factor market makes it challenging for a single governing body to address public issues adequately. Moreover, widespread support for governance principles may be challenged, leading to potential power imbalances that could harm the interests of other participants. However, governing the data factor market is a complex endeavor involving multiple stakeholders, stages, and levels, and analyzing it solely from a single governance dimension is insufficient. Currently, there is a lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework to reveal how different governance factors interact synergistically and influence the development of the data factor market. Through exploring the development trajectory of the data factor market from a configuration perspective, focusing on the theoretical framework of multi-stakeholder integrated governance and the combined effect of governance factors in driving market development. It aims to uncover the synergistic mechanisms of multi-dimensional governance and promote high-quality development tailored to local conditions, fostering a fair, competitive, and well-regulated market environment.It is not only an important practical issue but also a scientific problem in urgent need of resolution. Drawing on existing research and integrating polycentric governance theory, the study employs fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to reveal the path choices of data factor market governance in different regions of China, answering two key questions: what are the governance mechanisms of the data factor market, and what governance paths drive its development? By addressing these questions, the study provides theoretical support for the complex governance mechanisms and logical relationships underlying the data factor market. The findings show that government, market, and public participation factors alone cannot constitute necessary conditions for an important level of data factor market development, emphasizing the need to balance multiple factors simultaneously. Furthermore, there are six paths to enhance data factor market development, reflecting the importance of multi-stakeholder collaborative governance. Finally, market mechanisms appear as core influencing factors across all paths toward high development levels, highlighting their critical role in polycentric governance. The conclusions offer practical insights into the design and formulation of governance and regulatory schemes for the data factor market. Firstly, governance of the data factor market should focus on the comprehensive balance and synergistic effects among government, market, and public participation factors. Secondly, market mechanisms play a crucial role in data factor market governance, causing a focus on their construction. Lastly, the choice of governance path for the data factor market should be tailored to local conditions, considering regional economic development, business environments, and platform construction. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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"City Building" and Talent Agglomeration: A Quasi-Natural Experiment Study Based on Innovative City Pilot XIONG Xueli , , YU Gangning, , HUANG Jiashun, Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 3-17.   Abstract （105）      PDF（pc） （1670KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save City building is a form of mobilized governance campaign in China and a crucial component of city development. It plays a significant role in the city development of China. However, its impact on the talent agglomeration remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of city building on talent agglomeration, focusing on the innovative city pilot policy. In 2006, China put forward a proposal to become an Innovation Nation. The pilot programme for innovative cities was initiated by Shenzhen in 2008. As of 2023, there were 78 pilot cities. Previous studies have confirmed that innovative city construction can provide numerous benefits to cities, such as raising the level of urban innovation, promoting industrial upgrading, and improving the ecological environment. This study focuses on the relationship between innovative city pilots and talent agglomeration, regional heterogeneity, and its mechanism. The results provide evidence for local governments to develop innovation strategies and policies for attracting talent. This study examines the impact of city building on local talent agglomeration in China, using the innovative city pilot as a quasi-natural experiment. A time-varying difference-in-differences (DID) model is constructed based on panel data from 256 prefecture-level cities between 2003 and 2019. Control variables, including city's economic level, education level, population density, openness, and medical service, are taken into account. The empirical analysis is conducted in the following steps. Firstly, the parallel trend test is performed. Secondly, the study examines the regression results with and without control variables, and separately considers the fixed effects of city and year. Thirdly, a placebo test is conducted using a counterfactual approach. The estimated coefficients' robustness is ensured by randomising the sample and constructing a pseudo-experimental group 1,000 times. Finally, this study analyses the mechanism by exploring regional heterogeneity and mediating effects. The results show that the innovative city pilot policy can significantly improve the level of talent agglomeration, while regional differences also stand out. The influence on eastern cities was insignificant, while the influence on the other areas including middle, western, and northeast China was significant and positive. The mechanism analysis reveals that industrial structure upgrading is the mediating variable of pilot policies affecting talent agglomeration. This study suggests that implementing innovative pilot policies can have a positive impact on talent agglomeration and elicit varying effects in different regions. Mechanism analysis reveals that regional heterogeneity and industrial trans-fer are the primary reasons. As a result of the industrial structure upgrade in the east, some labour-intensive industries have been relocated to other regions. As other regions actively undertake the transfer of industries, the presence of industries attracts a large number of talented individuals, thereby promoting talent agglomeration in the city. Based on these findings, this study proposes policy recommendations. Firstly, it suggests expanding the geographical scope of the pilot innovative cities, with a particular focus on increasing support for the central, western, and northeastern regions. Secondly, it suggests improving the evaluation system for pilot innovative cities. Thirdly, this study recommends strengthening the talent system by focusing not only on cultivating 'high-precision', 'top-notch', and 'shortage' talents but also on cultivating and supplying skilled talents. Furthermore, it is important to establish a diverse talent identification system and optimise talent policies to encourage the return of local talents and attract foreign talents. This study offers academic and practical implications. The findings verify the impact of city building on talent mobility and innovative cities, which enriches the literature on this theme. Additionally, it provides strategic guidance for the future construction of innovative cities and has practical value for promoting high-quality development of the local economy and society. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research on the Impact of Divestitures on SOE's Digital Technology Innovation: From the Perspective of Executives' Willingness and Ability ZHANG Yujing, , XUE Youzhi , Science of Science and Management of S. & T.    2024, 45 (04): 137-156.   Abstract （92）      PDF（pc） （1722KB）（54）       Knowledge map    Save State-owned economy as the first Subject of China's socialist market economy, plays a modelling role in the field of digital technology innovation, but the state-owned enterprises "owner absence", "insider control" and other problems are more prominent, and management has the dual characteristics of "economic person" and "political person", so management is not willing to carry out digital innovation with a long return on investment cycle, and makes strategic decisions that are more concerned about achieving performance goals than long-term corporate interests, resulting in the existence of a large amount of excess capacity in the enterprise but insufficient investment in R&D. In recent years, in order to promote the high-quality development of state-owned enterprises (SOEs), the government has introduced a series of policies to promote SOEs to remove excess capacity and focus on their main business which means realizing refocusing strategy, and divestiture is an effective way to realize the refocusing strategy. To a certain extent, divestiture decisions can reduce information asymmetry, improve internal governance structure, and alleviate the agency problem between shareholders and managers, so can divestiture influence management's myopia, promote enterprises to improve digital innovation, cultivate new impetus for economic growth, and effectively promote the transformation and upgrading of state-owned enterprises? What types of divestitures can promote enterprises to improve digital technology innovation? What contexts can influence the relationship between SOEs' divestiture and digital technology innovation? The above questions deserve in-depth discussion. Using a sample of Chinese state-owned A-share listed firms during 2003-2021, the result shows asset divestitures could improve the digital innovation level of state-owned enterprises, mainly related asset divestitures and strategic asset divestitures could improve digital innovation. Based on the executives' "willingness-ability" perspective, the result shows that asset divestitures could improve the digital innovation by alleviating internal information asymmetry and increasing digital innovation attention respectively. And through establishing the mediated moderation model and the moderated mediation model, it shows that the positive moderating effect of directors appointed by non-state-owned shareholders on the relationship between asset divestiture and digital technology innovation is achieved by alleviating the intermediary effect of information asymmetry, and the information technology background of executives positively regulates the intermediary path of asset divestiture to improve management's digital innovation attention. In addition, by analyzing the research subject of state-owned enterprises, the positive correlation between divestitures and digital innovation is more obvious in local state-owned enterprises, high-tech state-owned enterprises, technology intensive state-owned enterprises, and commercial competitive state-owned enterprises. The research has yielded the following implications: Firstly, government departments should further increase their policy support for the digital transformation of state-owned enterprises. Effective guidance should be provided to enterprises to improve their digital technology innovation, encourage them to actively make strategic adjustments, achieve rational allocation of resources, and continuously promote the digital transformation. Secondly, it is necessary to encourage the capital market to effectively identify corporate divestment strategies. The disclosure of information on asset divestments by enterprises is relatively incomplete, with only basic information such as the transacting parties and objects disclosed, making it difficult to obtain the true intentions. This research finds that related divestments and strategic divestments can effectively improve digital innovation, and different types of divestments can help investors to a certain extent in identifying the implementation intentions of corporate divestment decisions. Thirdly, it is crucial to enhance the awareness and capabilities of management in digital transformation. Unlike traditional IT technology, digital technology has a revolutionary and disruptive impact. Enterprise executives play a crucial role in strategic decision-making, and therefore, it is necessary to strengthen technical training for management, increase investment in technological elements, and improve their awareness and capabilities in digital strategic transformation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）